Here is how it works. What Bob sends through the ether is not m itselfbut the remainder when me is divided by n. Alice can then recover mby taking this remainder r and similarly calculating the remainder when rd is divided by n. The underlying mathematics ensures that the outcome for Alice is the original message m,which can then be decoded into ordinary plaintext by Alice's computer system. This is, of course, happening seamlesslybehind the scenes for any real-life Alice and Bob.